Process Technology

Wet Process Heating and Cooling Equipment

Immersion Heater Solution Guide

SOLUTION

TYPE OF HEATER

SOLUTION

TYPE OF HEATER

SOLUTION

TYPE OF HEATER

Acetic .................................. PTFE* or Quartz

 Copper Cyanide ................. 304 Stainless Steel

Nitric Hydrochloric Acids... PTFE* or Quartz

Acetane 70, 80 .................................... PTFE*

Copper Fluoborate ............................... PTFE*

Nitric Phosphoric ....................... Quartz

Actane Salt .......................................... PTFE*

Copper Pyrophosphate ..... 304 Stainless Steel

Oil ................................................ Steel

Acid Sulfate .......................... PTFE* or Quartz

Copper Strike .................... 304 Stainless Steel

Oleic Acid ..................... PTFE* or Quartz

Alcorite ................................ PTFE* or Quartz

Copper Sulfate ..................... PTFE* or Quartz

 Oxalic Acid.....................PTFE* or Quartz

Alkaline Cleaners (Electrified)....... 304 Stainless Steel

Cyanide ............................ 304 Stainless Steel

Paint Stripper (Alkaline) ........ 304 Stainless Steel
Alkaline Soaking Cleaners .... 304 Stainless Steel

Deionized Water .......... 316 Stainless Steel or Titanium

Perchlorethylene .......... 316 Stainless Steel

Alodine (most formulas) ....... 316 Stainless Steel

Deoxidizer (Etching) ...............PTFE* or Quartz

Phosphoric Acid (No Fluoride) ....... PTFE* or Quartz

Alstan ............................... 304 Stainless Steel

Deoxidizer Non-Chromated ....... 316 Stainless Steel

Phosphate Cleaner ..... 304 Stainless Steel

Aluminum Bright Dip ............ PTFE* or Quartz

Dichromic Seal ..................................... Steel

Phosphate .................. 316 Stainless Steel
Aluminum Cleaners .............. 304 Stainless Steel

Diethylene Glycol ................ 304 Stainless Steel

 Potassium Acid Sulfate ..... PTFE* or Quartz

Aluminum Chloride .............. PTFE* or Quartz

Diversey, 511, 514 ................................ PTFE*

Potassium Cyanide ........ 304 Stainless Steel

Aluminum Sulfate ................ 304 Stainless Steel

Dow Therm ...................... 316 Stainless Steel

Potassium Hydroxide .... 304 Stainless Steel

Ammonia ............................ 304 Stainless Steel

Dye Solutions .................... 304 Stainless Steel

Potassium Hydrochloric ..... PTFE* or Quartz

Ammonia Persulfate ............. PTFE* or Quartz

Ebonal C ........................................... Titanium

Potassium Permanganate........... PTFE* or Titanium

Ammonium Bi Fluoride......................... PTFE*

Electroless Copper .............................. PTFE*

Rhodium ........................ PTFE* or Quartz

Ammonium Chloride ........................ Titanium

Electroless Nickel ............... PTFE* or Titanium

Rochelle Salt Cyanide .........304 Stainless Steel

Ammonium Nitrate ............. 316 Stainless Steel

 Electroless Tin (Acid) ........... PTFE* or Quartz

Ruthenium Plating..............PTFE* or Quartz

Anodizing (Aluminum).............. PTFE* or Quartz

Electroless Tin (Alkaline) .... 316 Stainless Steel

Salt (Actine) .................................. PTFE*

ARP 28, 80 Blackening Salts... PTFE* or Quartz

Electro Cleaner .................. 304 Stainless Steel

Sea Water .................................. Titanium

Arsenic ............................. 304 Stainless Steel

Electro Polishing ................... PTFE* or Quartz

Silver Bromide ........... 316 Stainless Steel

Barium Chloride .............. Quartz or Titanium

Enthone 80 Acid ................................. PTFE*

Silver Cyanide ........... 304 Stainless Steel

Benzoic Acid ................................... Titanium

Ethylene Glycol .................................... Steel

Silver Lume ............... 304 Stainless Steel

Black Nickel ......................... PTFE* or Quartz

Ferric Ammonium Oxide ..... 316 Stainless Steel

Silver Nitrate ............. 316 Stainless Steel

Black Oxide (Hi-Temp) ....... 304 Stainless Steel

Ferric Chloride ....... PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium

Sodium Bisulfate .......... PTFE* or Quartz

Black Oxide (Low-Temp) .................. Titanium

Ferric Nitrate ..................... 304 Stainless Steel

Sodium Carbonate .................... Titanium

Bonderizing ....................... 316 Stainless Steel

Ferric Sulfate .................... 304 Stainless Steel

Sodium Chlorate ........................ Titanium

Boric Acid ........................................ Titanium

Fluoborate ............................................ PTFE*

Sodium Chloride .......................... Titanium

Brass Cyanide .................. 304 Stainless Steel

Formic Acid ..................... 316 Stainless Steel

Sodium Cyanide ......... 304 Stainless Steel

Bright Nickel ........... PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium

Glycerol ........................... 304 Stainless Steel

Sodium Dichromate (Hot Seal) ... 316 Stainless Steel

Bright Copper Cyanide ....... 304 Stainless Steel

Immersion Gold ................ 304 Stainless Steel

Sodium Hydroxide ......................... Steel

Bronze (Alkaline)................. 304 Stainless Steel

Gold-Acid .............. PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium

Sodium Hypochlorite .................... PTFE*

Brown Oxide ................................... Titanium

Gold Cyanide .................... 304 Stainless Steel

Sodium Persulfate ......... PTFE* or Quartz

Burnite ................................. PTFE* or Quartz

Grey Nickel ............ PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium

Stannate ....................................... Steel

Butyric Acid .................................... Titanium

Hot Seal Dichromate ......... 316 Stainless Steel

Stanostar .................... PTFE* or Quartz

Cadmium Black ................... PTFE* or Quartz

Hydrochloric Acid ................. PTFE* or Quartz

Stearic Acid .............................. Quartz

Cadmium (Alkaline) ............ 304 Stainless Steel

Hydrofluoric Acid ................................. PTFE*

Sulfamate Nickel ........ PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium

Cadmium Fluoborate ........................... PTFE*

Hydrogen Peroxide ............. PTFE* or Quartz

Sulfur .......................... PTFE* or Quartz

Calcium Chloride ............................. Titanium

Indium ................................ PTFE* or Quartz

Sulfur Peroxide ........... PTFE* or Quartz

Calcium Hypochlorite ....................... Titanium

Iridite (4-75,4-73,14,14-2,14-9)...... 316 Stainless Steel

Sulfuric Acid ............... PTFE* or Quartz

Carbonic Acid .................................. Titanium

Iridite (1,2,3,4-C,7,8,15) ....... PTFE* or Quartz

Sulphamic Acid ............... PTFE* or Quartz

Caustic Etch ........................................ Steel

Iron Fluoborate .................................... PTFE*

Tannic Acid ........................... Titanium
Caustics .............................................. Steel

Iron Phosphate ................... 316 Stainless Steel

Tin Nickel ...................................... PTFE*
Caustics (highly concentrated 20% and over)... Steel

Isoprep (186,187,188) ....... 316 Stainless Steel

Tin Plating (Acid) (Stanus/Sulphate)...PTFE* or Quartz

Chlorine/Wet ....................... PTFE* or Quartz

Isoprep Acid Salts ............................... PTFE*

Tin Plating Acid (Fluoborate) ........... PTFE*

Chloride ............... PTFE*, Quartz or Titanium

Jetal .................................. 304 Stainless Steel

Tin Plating (Alkaline) .... 304 Stainless Steel

Chlorosulfuric Acid .......................... Titanium

Lead Acetate .................... 304 Stainless Steel

Trichlorethylene .......... 316 Stainless Steel

Chromic Anodizing ............... PTFE* or Quartz

Lime Saturated Water (Alkaline)......316 Stainless Steel

Trioxide (Pickle) ............. PTFE* or Quartz

Chromic Acetate .................. PTFE* or Quartz

Linseed Oil ........................ 304 Stainless Steel

Turco (4181, 4338) ..... 316 Stainless Steel

Chromic Nickel .................... PTFE* or Quartz

Magnesium Hydroxide........ 304 Stainless Steel

 Unichrome ...................... PTFE* or Quartz
Chromium (No Fluorides)............PTFE*,Quartz, or Titanium

Magnesium Nitrate ............... PTFE* or Quartz

Water ......... 316 Stainless Steel or Quartz

Chromium (Fluoride) ............................ PTFE*

Manganese Phosphate ..... 316 Stainless Steel

Wood’s Nickel Strike .... Titanium, PTFE*, or Quartz

Citric Acid ........................................ Titanium

McDermid 629 .................................... PTFE*

Yellow Dichromate .......... PTFE* or Quartz

Clear Chromate .................... PTFE* or Quartz

Mercuric Chloride ............................ Titanium

Zinc Acid ...................... PTFE* or Titanium

Cobalt Nickel ........... PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium

Muriatic Acid ....................... PTFE* or Quartz

Zinc Ammonium Chloride........ Quartz or Titanium

Cobalt Plating .................. 304 Stainless Steel

 Nickel (Plating Solution) (Watts) ...PTFE*, Quartz, or Titanium

Zinc Cyanide................ 304 Stainless Steel

Cobra Etch .......................................... PTFE*

 Nickel Acetate Seal ......... 316 Stainless Steel

Zinc Phosphate ........... 316 Stainless Steel

Copper Acid ......................... PTFE* or Quartz

Nickel Chloride .................................... Titanium

Zincate .................... 304 Stainless Steel

Copper Bright Acid .............. PTFE* or Quartz

Nitric Acid ............................... PTFE* or Quartz

Solutions requiring derated heaters are indicated by blue type.  *PTFE is a polytetrafluoroethylene fluoropolymer.

THE DATA LISTED IS PROVIDED GRATIS AND IS OFFERED AS A GUIDE ONLY. IT IS NOT INTENDED TO BE USED AS THE SOLE BASIS OF DESIGN OR TO ESTABLISH SPECIFICATION LIMITS. PROCESS TECHNOLOGY ASSUMES NO OBLIGATION OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ADVICE FURNISHED BY IT OR FOR RESULTS OBTAINED FROM USE. DUE TO THE COMPLEXITIES OF SOLUTIONS AND APPLICATIONS, IT IS THE CUSTOMER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO CONTACT THEIR CHEMICAL SUPPLIER FOR HEATER MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY AND RECOMMENDATIONS. FOR APPLICATIONS INVOLVING SOLUTION CONCENTRATIONS EXCEEDING 50%, CONSULT FACTORY FOR WATT DENSITY RECOMMENDATIONS.

PLEASE ENSURE APPLICABILITY OF HEATER BEFORE INSTALLING SINCE WE CANNOT GUARANTEE HEATERS AGAINST PREMATURE FAILURE DUE TO CORROSION OR CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION CAUSED BY UNUSUAL CONDITION OVER WHICH WE HAVE NO CONTROL, SUCH AS:

• Excessively high solution temperatures.
• The concentration of the solution.
• The presence of inhibitors.
• The presence of other acids causing a secondary reaction.
• Stray electrical currents.
• Flux floating on the surface.
• The presence of disolved gases.
• Excessive sludge build-up.
• Stagnant or turbulent flow of the solution.
• Aeration.
• Presence of oxygen or an oxidizing agent in the solution.
• Erosion.
• High pressures.
• Vacuum conditions.

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